منصة البحوث الأكاديمية العراقية

Augmented reality (AR) technology has opened up new possibilities for interactive and immersive learning experiences, where students can visualize abstract concepts and engage with digital objects in real-time. In this study, a real-time AR-based system is developed and, unlike other studies, incorporates sound effects that will play when the object is detected to support the teaching of English words to primary school students. Using the You Look Only Once (YOLO) v4 algorithm and the Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, the system was trained to detect objects with high accuracy. The proposed system was tested on 40 primary school students for 8 weeks and compared their learning outcomes with a control group using traditional teaching methods. According to the experimental results, students utilizing the AR-based system achieved an impressive 90% success rate in the end-of-term exam, whereas the control group attained a success rate of 65%.

Cities face persistent challenges in implementing sustainability despite growing awareness. At the midpoint of the UN's 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, only 12-15% of targets are on track. A key barrier is the need to reframe urban planning decision-making, which has evolved from traditional, linear methods to iterative and scenario-based approaches. This research addresses a literature gap by examining decision-making frameworks aligned with future city theories, including Smart, Resilient, Sustainable, Compact, Intelligent, Digital, and Liveable Cities. Using a literature review and expert interviews, it identifies factors, stakeholders, and mechanisms categorized into the five stages of urban planning decision-making. The study highlights the integration of these mechanisms as a pathway toward achieving sustainable urban development.

microgrids have recently attracted research interest. A DC microgrid is composed of different dispatchable and non-dispatchable power generators and energy buffers, such as fuel cells and ultracapacitors, which are employed to provide the steady-state and transient power demanded by the load. To interface these generation resources to a common DC bus-bar, different configurations of power electronic converters have been proposed in the literature. For the fuel cell, a unidirectional DC–DC converter is utilised, for the ultracapacitor, however, a bidirectional DC–DC converter is needed to maintain the state-of-the-charge of the ultracapacitor. The overall efficiency of the microgrid will depend on the efficiency of these converters. High efficiency and low cost converters are very important to obtain a cost-effective solution. In addition, the power electronics converters must be chosen in respect to the